The web’s most popular etymologist

Some will ask, “Why is this funny?”  Some will drool with lust.  Some will think, hey, I should show this to my class. 

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=04XyHuxIrR0

http://www.hotforwords.com/

Chance resemblances between words in unrelated languages

Another link I could have sworn I posted here months ago:

http://www.zompist.com/chance.htm

Zompist editor Mark Rosenfelder lays out a simple statistical model for answering the question, “How likely is it that words in unrelated languages will resemble each other in sound and meaning?”  Of course, to answer this question one must first ask what counts as a resemblance.  Rosenfelder gives some rather amusing examples of “Proto-World” theorists, Greenbergians, and other linguistic cranks who seem to consult extremely lax criteria in deciding whether they will declare words to resemble each other.  He calculates that, under the criteria he finds in the practice of Joseph Greenberg and others, there is an 80% likelihood that any two words chosen at random from the languages of the world will be found to resemble each other.  Stricter versions of those criteria still yield uselessly high rates of similarity.  Rosenfelder closes with a killer argument supporting the claim that what we most need to determine the historical relationships among languages is not a list of word-pairs, but a table of sound correspondences.  In historical linguistics, it is the failure to produce such tables that separates the cranks from the scientists.

“Mama” and “Papa” Words

I keep thinking I’ve already posted this link here and keep finding I haven’t, so here it is.

http://www.sussex.ac.uk/linguistics/documents/where_do_mama2.pdf

Yes, yes, it’s pdf, but it’s worth it.  The late linguist R. L. (“Larry”) Trask puts into very clear terms Roman Jakobson’s explanation for the fact that so many languages have words for “mother” that sound like “mama” and so many languages have words for “father” that sound like “papa.”

A couple of word lists

Words ending in –phobiahttp://phobialist.com/

Contronyms, that is to say, words with two directly opposite meanings (such as “dust,” to remove dust from a surface, and “dust,” to spread dust over a surface). http://www.rinkworks.com/words/contronyms.shtml

http://www.askoxford.com/wordgames/wordchallenge/contronyms/

http://users.tinyonline.co.uk/gswithenbank/cntrnmys.htm 

I once read somewhere that the philosopher Hegel believed that all words are contronyms.  I’ve never gotten around to looking that up to see whether he actually said that, what he meant by it if he did say it, what influence his idea (whatever it was) may have had on the theory of language, or whether it is true.  But it’s an interesting notion, I think.

Unrelated picture:

Scandinavian Headlines

Police get a grip on serial masturbator

Clearly I’ve been reading “The Local” – a website in English about Sweden. Enjoyable:

  • “manual labor”
  • “feeling his way around”
  • “holding his own”

There’re a lot of other interesting headlines about Sweden, too:

  • Lesbian compensated for prevented puppy purchase
  • Children banned from wearing multi-coloured clothes
  • Viking women had sexy style
  • Death notices get cute ‘n’ quirky in Sweden
  • Woman trapped in laundry room by irate neighbour

Farting 2008: Qualitative, Global, Rising?

There is little doubt that continued research around issues of flatus is poised to bear unusually productive fruit in the newly-sprung year. From the Bilbao School’s creeping renaissance in statistical modeling to the sharp blasts of iconoclastic reappraisal of sheer number crunching from Russian sources, the internationalization of interest in the field is no longer at all subtle. Moreover, this broadening of input, far from being a deadly influence, has accompanied a distinct bloating in subscriber numbers of previously obscure mailing lists like Smelt Quarterly, Analytical Perspectives on Aromas, and the more mainstream yet well-credentialed WAFT. The variety and quality of ripe, fresh voices in the discipline may include some that are perceived as barking or droning, certainly. This review of completed (and momentarily held back) releases in the literature of “farting” attempts to show, regardless, that a cacophony of production is precisely the motivation needed to bring fresh air to a scholarly community often prone to excessive restraint.

Hosting A Posting

Well, it’s really a pleasure to be hosting this posting.  I translated the first couple pages of a pamphlet which I think could be a transcription of an orally-delivered sermon.  Such sermons are often recorded on audio cassettes.  I guess this one was so darn good, it had to be issued in the form of a printed pamphlet.  I think what I’ve got here is long enough that you start to sense a vague moralistic sermonizing tone.  I hold people in particular regard if they resort to accusing other people that they don’t agree with, of having some type of moral “disease,” which can only be cured by the shining “remedy”:  a platform of religious attitudes / baggage, to be swallowed & accepted wholesale…er er that is if one wishes to exonerate oneself from *evilness*…or at least from some sort of grievous misguidedness…  [The world needs more such discourses.]

Praise belongs to God, the lord of the worlds and the goal of the godfearing.  And prayers and peace upon His slave and messenger and the trustee of His revelation and of the bounty of His creation:  our prophet and leader and master Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Abdul-Muttalib.  And also upon his family and his associates, and upon whoever follows his way and is guided by his right guidance to the Day of Judgment.  Now then: The lords of Islamic thought, and the adherents of Islamic zeal, and the adherents of plentiful speculation – all are concerned with the condition of the Muslims and with what their affairs are leading to. These affairs preoccupy them much, and they engage in much pondering about the causes for the weakness of the Muslims, their underdevelopment in the face of their enemy, and their disunity and their differences.  They also consider the causes behind the exertions of the enemy against the Muslims, to the point of having taken over some of the Muslim lands. Then, having established these causes – these being clear – they are also concerned about establishing the treatment for these causes of underdevelopment and weakness – and it too is well known.  But it is necessary for the causes to be spread and explained.  For, if the disease is described, then the remedy will be a great means for healing and well-being. Once the sick individual has established his disease and its remedy, then it is suitable to move without delay to accepting the remedy and then imposing it on the disease. This is the nature of the reasonable man who loves life and loves rescue from illnesses.  It is important to him to know the disease and the remedy. But some people have mastered the disease and taken possession of it until they are satisfied with it and find it pleasant and until their clear perception has perished.  They are not concerned about who describes the remedy to them, because the disease has become character and nature to them.  They like it and are content with its continuance.  They have a deviation in their temperament and a weakness in their discernment.  The victory of whim over them and over their reason and their heart and their behaviors – such is the case with most people as regards religious diseases and their treatment.

When Language Ceases To Have Meaning

I’ve decided to post a translation I did.  It consists of three paragraphs from an editorial in a Yemeni newspaper.  It does not make sense, on the whole.  This translation probably represents about a quarter of the original article.  I’m beginning to develop a theory that translation is impossible between certain languages.  For example:  Arabic to English.  I attribute this to two reasons:

(1)The dictionary meanings of words do not convey how a given word is truly used in a context.  There tends to be some subtlety of meaning, some particular requirement of how a word should be used, which the dictionary just cannot explain.

(2)Writers of different languages not only use entirely different sets of conventions but employ completely different textures of expression.  Arabic seems to have the ability to pile clause upon clause in run-on, nay “runaway” sentences which English could never replicate without severely violating some of its most cherished constitutional pillars…and we’re sure not abrogating those after more than 200 years! 

[Intro / Summary]

The people who are debating [the disputants] about the political rights of women consider that the most [an end-point] that can be arrived at [of what it is possible that he / it ?? arrives at] is the opening [the horizon] of a standing dialogue between the political decision-makers.  This would be in conformity to [it is agreement about] the relative shaping of the existing female scope in situations of authority and [strength of work ??].  [This is] in accordance with what they [??] view as a transformation in a direction of [availability] of new [growth] pertaining to female bearing, as long as they [had proceeded] within the narrowest margins of their political program.

 

“The Disconcerting Impetuosity in the Direction of Women”

In the shadow of the debate like this or the horizon like that, which they’re sketching for the future of women, the most remote thing that can be predicted at the present time is the disconcerting impetuosity which forces some of the nationally politically strong into riding the wave of keeping away from the animosity about the general direction.  It is a fact that it is necessary to have in mind its [cautions] before the declaration of any document of national work which Yemeni parties and arrangements obtain access to.

 

[Skip SIX PARAGRAPHS; last paragraph:]

What we hope for is a detailed, logical reading of the Yemeni reality, from whose horizons spring forth clear political visions.  It is defined by its reason better […] political strengthening for the woman, by which it makes her with good thought of the leadership of the brother and president Ali Abdullah Salih who […] its great trust in its expansive and humanistic stage.

Oxford Etymologist

Here’s a blog on the Oxford University Press website.  Linguist Anatoly Liberman takes on a variety of etymological questions.  His post about the origin of words like “east” and “west” is particularly fun.

http://blog.oup.com/category/reference/oxford_etymologist/

Powerpoint Version of the Gettysburg Address

Have you seen too many PowerPoint presentations?  Here’s a satire.

http://norvig.com/Gettysburg/sld001.htm